Mention any two autosomal genetic disorders with their symptoms.
Two autosomal genetic disorders are as follows. sickle cell anaemia It is an autosomal linked recessive disorder, which is caused by point mutation in the beta-globin chain of haemoglobin pigment of the blood. The disease is characterized by sickle shaped red blood cells, which are formed due to the mutant haemoglobin molecule. The disease is controlled by $\mathrm{Hb}^{\mathrm{A}}$ and $\mathrm{Hb}^{\mathrm{S}}$ allele. The homozygous individuals with genotype, $\mathrm{Hb}^{\mathrm{S}} \mathrm{Hb}^{\mathrm{S}},$ show the symptoms of this disease while the heterozygous individuals with genotype, $\mathrm{Hb}^{\mathrm{A}} \mathrm{Hb}^{\mathrm{S}},$ are not affected. However, they act as carriers of the disease.
Symptoms
Rapid heart rate, breathlessness, delayed growth and puberty, jaundice, weakness, fever, excessive thirst, chest pain, and decreased fertility are the major symptoms of sickle cell anaemia disease.
Down's syndrome
It is an autosomal disorder that is caused by the trisomy of chromosome $21$.
Symptoms
The individual is short statured with round head, open mouth, protruding tongue, short neck, slanting eyes, and broad short hands. The individual also shows retarded mental and physical growth.
In the above pedigree, assume that no outsider marrying in, carry a disease. Write the genotypes of $C$ and $D$.
In a sickle cell anaemia glutamic acid is replaced by valine, which the following codes for glutamic acid ?
In which of the following colourblindness is inherited
Give scientific reasons : The Mendelian experiments cannot be carried out in human beings.
Represented below is the inheritance pattern of a certain type of trait in humans. Which one of the following conditions could be an example of this pattern?