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$(1)$ Zooplanktons are primary producers in an aquatic ecosystem.

$(2)$ Decomposition is largely an oxygen requiring process.

$(3)$ In a natural ecosystem, fishes, wolf, etc. are carnivore.

$(4)$ The amount of energy decreases in each successive trophic level.

Give differences : Grazing food chain and Detritus chain

The percentage of light energy utilized for photosynthesis by higher plants is

Which of the following groups is absolutely essential functional component of the ecosystem?

Transfer of energy from one trophic level to other trophic level is according to the second law of thermodynamics. The efficiency of energy transfer from herbivorous to carnivorous is