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(D) The magnetic dipole moment $M$ of a current-carrying loop is given by the formula $M = NiA$,where $N$ is the number of turns,$i$ is the current,an

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Perpendicular to the plane of the loop and proportional to the area of the loop

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(D) The magnetic dipole moment $M$ of a current-carrying loop is given by the formula $M = NiA$,where $N$ is the number of turns,$i$ is the current,and $A$ is the area vector of the loop.The magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment is directly proportional to the current $i$ and the area $A$ of the loop.The direction of the magnetic dipole moment vector is always perpendicular to the plane of the loop,determined by the right-hand rule.Therefore,the correct statement is that it is perpendicular to the plane of the loop and proportional to the area of the loop.

The magnetic dipole moment of a rectangular current-carrying loop is:

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