A conducting wire offers resistance to the flow of electrons because electrons repel each other in the wire.
Find out the following in the electric circuit given in figure
$(a)$ Effective resistance of two $8\, \Omega$ resistors in the combination.
$(b)$ Current flowing through $4\, \Omega$ resistor.
$(c)$ Potential difference across $4\, \Omega$ resistor.
$(d)$ Power dissipated in $4\, \Omega$ resistor.
$(e)$ Difference in ammeter readings, if any.
The $V-I$ graphs for two resistors of the same material and the same radii with lengths $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$ are shown below. If $L_{1}>L_{2}$, state with reason, which of these graphs represents voltage-current change for $L_{1}$.
$(a)$ Resistivity of iron is $10 \times 10^{-8} \;\Omega m$ and of mercury is $94 \times 10^{-8}\; \Omega m$. Which among iron and mercury is a better conductor ? Give reason.
$(b)$ Resistivity of a material $A$ is in the range of $10^{10}-10^{\text {14 }} \;\Omega m$ while that of $B$ is in the range of $10^{-6}-10^{-8} \;\Omega$ m. Which of the two will behave as an insulator and why?
What is the cause of resistance ?