In which of the following methods is a probe allowed to hybridize to its complementary $DNA$ in a clone of cells?

How can a recombinant protein be obtained?

Which of the following cannot be used for direct gene transfer?

From the following tools/techniques of genetic engineering,identify those which are required for cloning a bacterial gene in animal cells and choose the correct option:
$I$. Endonuclease $II$. Ligase
$III$. $A. tumefaciens$ $IV$. Microinjection
$V$. Gene gun $VI$. Lysozyme
$VII$. Cellulase $VIII$. Electrophoresis

Which of the following is not a method of introducing alien $DNA$ into host cells?

Arrange the steps of $\text{rDNA}$ technology in the correct order$:-$
$(I.)$ Extraction of the desired gene product.
$(II.)$ Amplification of the gene of interest.
$(III.)$ Isolation of the desired $\text{DNA}$ fragment.
$(IV.)$ Ligation of the $\text{DNA}$ fragment into a vector.
$(V.)$ Insertion of $\text{rDNA}$ into the host.
The correct order is$:-$