How can a recombinant protein be obtained?

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Question

(A) When you insert a piece of alien $DNA$ into a cloning vector and transfer it into a bacterial,plant,or animal cell,the alien $DNA$ gets multiplied

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By expressing a foreign gene in a heterologous host.

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(A) When you insert a piece of alien $DNA$ into a cloning vector and transfer it into a bacterial,plant,or animal cell,the alien $DNA$ gets multiplied.$\Rightarrow$ In almost all recombinant technologies,the ultimate aim is to produce a desirable protein. Hence,there is a need for the recombinant $DNA$ to be expressed.The foreign gene gets expressed under appropriate conditions.If any protein-encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host,it is called a recombinant protein.$\Rightarrow$ The cells harbouring cloned genes of interest may be grown on a small scale in the laboratory.$\Rightarrow$ The cultures may be used for extracting the desired protein and then purifying it by using different separation techniques.The cells can also be multiplied in a continuous culture system wherein the used medium is drained out from one side while fresh medium is added from the other to maintain the cells in their physiologically most active log/exponential phase. This type of culturing method produces a larger biomass,leading to higher yields of the desired protein.

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