In the variable state,the rate of flow of heat is controlled by

Three discs $A, B$ and $C$ having radii $2\; m, 4\; m,$ and $6\; m$ respectively are coated with carbon black on their outer surfaces. The wavelengths corresponding to maximum intensity are $300\; nm, 400\; nm$ and $500\; nm$ respectively. The power radiated by them are $Q_A, Q_B$ and $Q_C$ respectively. Which of the following is true?

Explain why:
$(a)$ a body with large reflectivity is a poor emitter.
$(b)$ a brass tumbler feels much colder than a wooden tray on a chilly day.
$(c)$ an optical pyrometer (for measuring high temperatures) calibrated for an ideal black body radiation gives too low a value for the temperature of a red hot iron piece in the open,but gives a correct value for the temperature when the same piece is in the furnace.
$(d)$ the earth without its atmosphere would be inhospitably cold.
$(e)$ heating systems based on circulation of steam are more efficient in warming a building than those based on circulation of hot water.

Determine whether the following statements are True or False:
$(a)$ "Conduction stops once a rod achieves thermal steady state."
$(b)$ $A$ surface that is a good emitter is also a good absorber.
$(c)$ $A$ perfect black body must be black in color.
$(d)$ The value of heat capacity is the same under different conditions for a given matter.

What are the modes of heat transfer due to a temperature difference?

$A$ heated body emits radiation which has maximum intensity at frequency $f_m$. If the temperature of the body is doubled,then: