In the solar system,which quantity is conserved?

Under the influence of a central force,which of the following is conserved?

Two hypothetical planets of masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ are at rest when they are at an infinite distance apart. Because of the gravitational force,they move towards each other along the line joining their centres. What is their speed when their separation is $d$? (Speed of $m_1$ is $v_1$ and that of $m_2$ is $v_2$)

Two stars each of one solar mass $\left(=2 \times 10^{30} \; kg\right)$ are approaching each other for a head-on collision. When they are at a distance of $10^{9} \; km$,their speeds are negligible. What is the speed with which they collide? The radius of each star is $10^{4} \; km$. Assume the stars remain undistorted until they collide. (Use $G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \; N \cdot m^{2}/kg^{2}$)

An object of mass $m$ is raised from the surface of the earth to a height equal to the radius of the earth,that is,taken from a distance $R$ to $2R$ from the centre of the earth. What is the gain in its potential energy?

$A$ rocket is fired vertically with a speed of $5 \; km/s$ from the Earth's surface. How far from the Earth's surface does the rocket go before returning? (Mass of the Earth $M_e = 6.0 \times 10^{24} \; kg$,mean radius of the Earth $R_e = 6.4 \times 10^{6} \; m$,$G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \; N m^2 kg^{-2}$)