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(A) The Geiger-Marsden experiment involves the scattering of $\alpha$-particles by a gold nucleus.Since the $\alpha$-particle and the gold nucleus are

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Coulomb's law

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(A) The Geiger-Marsden experiment involves the scattering of $\alpha$-particles by a gold nucleus.Since the $\alpha$-particle and the gold nucleus are both charged particles,they experience an electrostatic force of repulsion.The trajectory of the $\alpha$-particle is determined by the Coulomb force acting between the positively charged $\alpha$-particle and the positively charged nucleus.Therefore,the trajectory is calculated using Coulomb's law,which describes the electrostatic interaction between point charges.

In the Geiger-Marsden experiment,which of the following is used to calculate the trajectory of the $\alpha$-particle?

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