In the following problem,indicate the correct direction of the friction force acting on the cylinder,which is pulled on a rough surface by a constant force $F$. $A$ spool is pulled horizontally by a constant force $F$ applied below the center of mass. Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the direction of the friction force?

$A$ mass $m$ is tied to one end of a spring and whirled in a horizontal circle with constant angular velocity. The elongation in the spring is $1 \ cm$. If the angular speed is doubled,the elongation in the spring is $6 \ cm$. The original length of the spring is (in $cm$)

Provide an example from daily life where motion is controlled or initiated by an external force.

The graph below shows the variation of a force $F$ with time $t$ on a body which is moving in a straight line. The dependence of force on time is $F \propto t^{n}$. Initially,the body is at rest. If the speed of the object is $2 \, m/s$ at $3 \, s$,then the speed at $4 \, s$ will be approximately (in $m/s$):

Give the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on a stone of mass $0.1\; kg$,
$(a)$ just after it is dropped from the window of a stationary train,
$(b)$ just after it is dropped from the window of a train running at a constant velocity of $36\; km/h$,
$(c)$ just after it is dropped from the window of a train accelerating with $1\; m/s^2$,
$(d)$ lying on the floor of a train which is accelerating with $1\; m/s^2$,the stone being at rest relative to the train.
Neglect air resistance throughout.

An object of mass $M$ is placed on a rough horizontal surface (coefficient of friction $\mu$). $A$ person tries to pull the object by applying a horizontal force,but the object does not move. The force $F$ exerted by the surface on the object is: