In the circuit as shown in the figure, the:

The thermo emf of a hypothetical thermocouple varies with the temperature $\theta$ of the hot junction as $E = a\theta + b\theta^2$ in volts,where the ratio $a/b$ is $700^{\circ}C$. If the cold junction is kept at $0^{\circ}C$,then the neutral temperature is:

The variation of current flowing through an electric heater with time,when it is switched on,is shown in the figure. Considering the change in resistance with temperature,which of the following graphs is correct?

$A$ galvanometer $(G)$ of $2 \ \Omega$ resistance is connected in the given circuit. The ratio of charge in $C_1$ $(4 \ \mu F)$ and $C_2$ $(6 \ \mu F)$ is:

Shown in the figure is a semicircular metallic strip that has thickness $t$ and resistivity $\rho$. Its inner radius is $R_1$ and outer radius is $R_2$. If a voltage $V_0$ is applied between its two ends,a current $I$ flows in it. In addition,it is observed that a transverse voltage $\Delta V$ develops between its inner and outer surfaces due to purely kinetic effects of moving electrons (ignore any role of the magnetic field due to the current). Then (figure is schematic and not drawn to scale)-
$(A)$ $I = \frac{V_0 t}{\pi \rho} \ln \left(\frac{R_2}{R_1}\right)$
$(B)$ the outer surface is at a higher voltage than the inner surface
$(C)$ the outer surface is at a lower voltage than the inner surface
$(D)$ $\Delta V \propto I^2$

Amount of electricity required to pass through the ${H_2O}$ voltmeter so as to liberate $11.2 \, L$ of hydrogen will be ............ $F$.