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(B) The correct answer is $B$.In the Geiger-Marsden experiment,the objective is to target $\alpha$-particles towards an atom to observe their scatteri

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highly malleable

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(B) The correct answer is $B$.In the Geiger-Marsden experiment,the objective is to target $\alpha$-particles towards an atom to observe their scattering.This experiment requires a target that is extremely thin,ideally only a few atoms thick,to ensure that the $\alpha$-particles undergo minimal scattering events.Gold is known for being highly malleable,which allows it to be beaten into an extremely thin foil (a few micrometers thick). This physical property made it the ideal material for Rutherford's experiment.

In $1911$,the physicist Ernest Rutherford discovered that atoms have a tiny,dense nucleus by shooting positively charged particles at a very thin gold foil. $A$ key physical property which led Rutherford to use gold was that it was

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