Give differences between:
$(1)$ Grana and Stroma
$(2)$ $PS-I$ and $PS-II$

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(N/A) $(1)$ Differences between Grana and Stroma:
GranaStroma
$(1)$ It is the membranous system of the chloroplast.$(1)$ It is the fluid-filled matrix of the chloroplast.
$(2)$ It contains pigments like chlorophyll $a$,chlorophyll $b$,carotenoids,and xanthophylls.$(2)$ It contains enzymes required for the biosynthesis of sugars.
$(3)$ Light-dependent reactions take place here.$(3)$ Light-independent (dark) reactions take place here.
$(4)$ $ATP$ and $NADPH$ are synthesized here.$(4)$ $ATP$ and $NADPH$ are consumed here to fix $CO_2$.

$(2)$ Differences between $PS-I$ and $PS-II$:
$PS-I$$PS-II$
$(1)$ The reaction center is $P_{700}$.$(1)$ The reaction center is $P_{680}$.
$(2)$ It absorbs light at wavelengths up to $700 \; nm$.$(2)$ It absorbs light at wavelengths up to $680 \; nm$.
$(3)$ It is involved in both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation.$(3)$ It is involved only in non-cyclic photophosphorylation.
$(4)$ Electrons released do not necessarily return to the reaction center in non-cyclic flow.$(4)$ Electrons released are replaced by electrons from water photolysis.
$(5)$ Photolysis of water does not occur.$(5)$ Photolysis of water occurs.

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