| Characteristics | $C_3$ Plants | $C_4$ Plants |
| $(1)$ Cell type for Calvin cycle | Mesophyll | Bundle sheath |
| $(2)$ Cell type for initial carboxylation | Mesophyll | Mesophyll |
| $(3)$ Number of cell types fixing $CO_2$ | Mesophyll | Mesophyll and Bundle sheath |
| $(4)$ Primary $CO_2$ acceptor | $RuBP$ | $PEP$ |
| $(5)$ Carbon number in primary $CO_2$ acceptor | $5C$ | $3C$ |
| $(6)$ Primary $CO_2$ fixation product | $PGA$ | $OAA$ |
| $(7)$ Carbon number in primary $CO_2$ fixation product | $3C$ | $4C$ |
| $(8)$ Presence of RuBisCo | Yes | Yes |
| $(9)$ Presence of $PEP$ Case | No | Yes |
| $(10)$ Cells containing RuBisCo | Mesophyll | Bundle sheath |
| $(11)$ Photorespiration at low light | Negligible | Absent |
| $(12)$ Photorespiration at high light | Present | Absent |
| $(13)$ Temperature optimum | $20^{\circ}C - 25^{\circ}C$ | $30^{\circ}C - 45^{\circ}C$ |
| $(14)$ Examples | Wheat,Rice | Maize,Sorghum,Sugarcane |
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