Explain the relationship between the change in heat at constant pressure and constant volume.

Vedclass pdf generator app on play store
Vedclass iOS app on app store
At constant volume,the heat change is $q_{V} = \Delta U$.
At constant pressure,the heat change is $q_{p} = \Delta H$.
At constant pressure,the enthalpy change is defined as $\Delta H = \Delta U + p\Delta V$.
Where $\Delta V$ is the change in volume,$V_{1}$ is the initial volume,and $V_{2}$ is the final volume.
$\Delta H = \Delta U + p(V_{2} - V_{1}) = \Delta U + (pV_{2} - pV_{1})$ ... $(i)$
According to the ideal gas equation,$pV = nRT$.
For reactants: $pV_{1} = n_{1}RT$ ... $(ii)$
For products: $pV_{2} = n_{2}RT$ ... $(iii)$
Where $n_{1}$ is the number of moles of gaseous reactants and $n_{2}$ is the number of moles of gaseous products.
Substituting equations $(ii)$ and $(iii)$ into equation $(i)$:
$\Delta H = \Delta U + (n_{2}RT - n_{1}RT)$
$\Delta H = \Delta U + (n_{2} - n_{1})RT$
$\Delta H = \Delta U + \Delta n_{g}RT$
Where $\Delta n_{g}$ is the difference between the number of moles of gaseous products and gaseous reactants.
If $\Delta n_{g} = 0$,then $\Delta H = \Delta U$.
If $\Delta n_{g} > 0$,then $\Delta H > \Delta U$.
If $\Delta n_{g} < 0$,then $\Delta H < \Delta U$.

Explore More

Similar Questions

For water $\Delta_{vap} H = 41 \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$ at $373 \ K$ and $1 \ bar$ pressure. Assuming that water vapour is an ideal gas that occupies a much larger volume than liquid water,the internal energy change during evaporation of water is $...... \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$.
[Use: $R = 8.3 \ J \ mol^{-1} \ K^{-1}$]

What is the value of the increase in internal energy when a system does $8 \ J$ of work on the surroundings by supplying $40 \ J$ of heat to it (in $J$)?

What is the change in internal energy if a system does $140 \ kJ$ of work on the surroundings and $40 \ kJ$ of heat is added to the system (in $kJ$)?

For water at $100^{\circ} C$ and $1 \, bar$,$\Delta_{vap} H - \Delta_{vap} U = ...... \times 10^{2} \, J \, mol^{-1}$. (Round off to the Nearest Integer) $[Use : R = 8.31 \, J \, mol^{-1} \, K^{-1}]$ [Assume volume of $H_{2}O_{(\ell)}$ is much smaller than volume of $H_{2}O_{(g)}$. Assume $H_{2}O_{(g)}$ treated as an ideal gas]

Which of the following processes exhibits an increase in internal energy?

Vedclass Products

For Students

Vedclass Test Series

Mock tests in real JEE/NEET style with performance analysis. 5-day free trial.

Start Free Trial
For Teachers

Exam Paper Generator

Generate Set A/B/C/D exam papers from 7.5L+ questions in 2 minutes. 3 chapters free.

Try Free
For Institutes

Online Exam Module

Live online exams with unlimited students, 360° analytics & white-label branding.

See Demo