Explain the following forms and principles of energy:
$(a)$ The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
$(b)$ Nuclear Energy
$(c)$ The Principle of Conservation of Energy
$(a)$ The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
$(b)$ Nuclear Energy
$(c)$ The Principle of Conservation of Energy
(N/A) The Equivalence of Mass and Energy: Albert Einstein proposed that mass and energy are interchangeable,related by the equation $E = mc^2$,where $E$ is energy,$m$ is mass,and $c$ is the speed of light in a vacuum $(3 \times 10^8 \ m/s)$. This implies that a small amount of mass can be converted into a large amount of energy.
$(b)$ Nuclear Energy: This is the energy released during nuclear reactions,such as nuclear fission (splitting of heavy nuclei) or nuclear fusion (combining of light nuclei). The energy released is due to the mass defect,where the mass of the products is slightly less than the mass of the reactants,with the difference converted into energy according to $E = \Delta mc^2$.
$(c)$ The Principle of Conservation of Energy: This principle states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed,only transformed from one form to another. In an isolated system,the total energy remains constant over time.
$(b)$ Nuclear Energy: This is the energy released during nuclear reactions,such as nuclear fission (splitting of heavy nuclei) or nuclear fusion (combining of light nuclei). The energy released is due to the mass defect,where the mass of the products is slightly less than the mass of the reactants,with the difference converted into energy according to $E = \Delta mc^2$.
$(c)$ The Principle of Conservation of Energy: This principle states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed,only transformed from one form to another. In an isolated system,the total energy remains constant over time.
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Nucleus $A$ having $Z=17$ and an equal number of protons and neutrons has $1.2 \, MeV$ binding energy per nucleon. Another nucleus $B$ of $Z=12$ has a total of $26$ nucleons and $1.8 \, MeV$ binding energy per nucleon. The difference in binding energy of $B$ and $A$ will be $........... \, MeV$.
State Einstein's special theory of relativity and provide the mass-energy equivalence formula.
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View SolutionIf $M_0$ is the mass of isotope ${ }_{5}^{12} B$,$M_p$ and $M_n$ are the masses of a proton and a neutron respectively,then the nuclear binding energy of the isotope is:
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View SolutionThe binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus ${}_Z X^A$ at rest is $6 \ MeV$. It undergoes $\beta^-$ decay as shown below:
${}_Z X^A \to {}_{Z+1} Y^A + {}_{-1}^0 e + \bar{\nu}$
The total kinetic energy $(K.E.)$ of the products is $3 \ MeV$. The binding energy per nucleon of $Y$ (in $MeV$) is:
${}_Z X^A \to {}_{Z+1} Y^A + {}_{-1}^0 e + \bar{\nu}$
The total kinetic energy $(K.E.)$ of the products is $3 \ MeV$. The binding energy per nucleon of $Y$ (in $MeV$) is:
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View SolutionThe figure shows a plot of binding energy per nucleon $E_b$ against the nuclear mass $M$. $A, B, C, D, E, F$ correspond to different nuclei. Consider four reactions:
$(i) \, A + B \to C + \varepsilon$
$(ii) \, C \to A + B + \varepsilon$
$(iii) \, D + E \to F + \varepsilon$
$(iv) \, F \to D + E + \varepsilon$
where $\varepsilon$ is the energy released. In which reactions is $\varepsilon$ positive?
$(i) \, A + B \to C + \varepsilon$
$(ii) \, C \to A + B + \varepsilon$
$(iii) \, D + E \to F + \varepsilon$
$(iv) \, F \to D + E + \varepsilon$
where $\varepsilon$ is the energy released. In which reactions is $\varepsilon$ positive?
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