During the process of gene amplification using $PCR$,if very high temperature is not maintained in the beginning,then which of the following steps of $PCR$ will be affected first?

Which of the following is not present in a bioreactor?

Proteins are removed by treatment with

The primer extension during $PCR$ cycle requires the temperature range of . . . . . . .

In this technique,large quantities of biotechnological products such as antibiotics,vaccines,and enzymes are produced by maintaining and growing only the desired microbes/eukaryotic cells in a sterile environment.

Select the option that represents the correct sequence of steps in $r-DNA$ technology.
$(1)$ Insertion of $r-DNA$ into the host
$(2)$ Isolation of $DNA$
$(3)$ Ligation of $DNA$ fragment into the vector
$(4)$ Culturing the host cells in a medium at a large scale and extraction of the desired product
$(5)$ Isolation of the desired $DNA$ fragment
$(6)$ Fragmentation of $DNA$ by restriction endonucleases