During the mean life of a radioactive element,the fraction that disintegrates is

If a radioactive substance reduces to $\frac{1}{16}$ of its original mass in $40$ days,what is its half-life in days?

The graph in the figure shows how the count-rate $A$ of a radioactive source as measured by a Geiger counter varies with time $t$. The relationship between $A$ and $t$ is (Assume $\ln 12 = 2.6$):

$A$ parent nucleus $X$ decays into a daughter nucleus $Y$,which in turn decays into $Z$. The half-lives of $X$ and $Y$ are $40000 \, yr$ and $20 \, yr$,respectively. In a certain sample,it is found that the number of $Y$ nuclei hardly changes with time. If the number of $X$ nuclei in the sample is $4 \times 10^{20}$,the number of $Y$ nuclei present in it is

$A$ piece of bone of an animal from a ruin is found to have $^{14}C$ activity of $12$ disintegrations per minute per gm of its carbon content. The $^{14}C$ activity of a living animal is $16$ disintegrations per minute per gm. How long ago nearly did the animal die? (Given half-life of $^{14}C$ is $t_{1/2} = 5760$ years)

The decay constant of a radioisotope is $\lambda$. If $A_1$ and $A_2$ are its activities at times $t_1$ and $t_2$ respectively,what is the number of nuclei that have decayed during the time interval $(t_1 - t_2)$?