(A) The given structure represents a halobenzene $(C_6H_5X)$,where $X$ is a halogen atom $(F, Cl, Br, I)$ having three lone pairs of electrons.
Due to the $+R$ effect (resonance effect) of the halogen atom,the electron density increases at the ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.
The resonance structures are as follows:
$1$. The lone pair on the halogen atom shifts to form a double bond with the benzene ring,and the $\pi$-bond electrons shift to the ortho position.
$2$. The negative charge at the ortho position shifts to the para position.
$3$. The negative charge at the para position shifts to the other ortho position.
$4$. Finally,the electrons shift back to the halogen atom.
Since the electron density is higher at the ortho and para positions,the halogen group is ortho,para directing.