Discuss the mode of action and advantages/disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives.

Currently available $IUDs$ are as per this : $(a)$ Non medicated $IUDs$. (eg. Lippes loop) (b) Copper releasing $IUDs$. (eg. Cu$T$, Cu-$7$, multiload $375$) $(c)$ Hormone releasing $IUDs.$ (eg. Progestart, $LNG$-$20$) Type of hormonal contraceptive process : Hormone releasing $IUDs$ makes uterus unfavorable / unsuitable for implantation of embryo / foetus and vagina becomes unsuitable for sperms. Progestogen can be used as injection and causes slow secretion of it. It prevents ovulation. Advantages of hormonal contraceptive : Regulation of progestogens or progesterone - estrogen in combination or $IUDs$ within $72$ hours of coitus have been found to be very effective as emergency contraceptive as they could be used to avoid possible pregnancy due to rape or casual unprotected intercourse.

Disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives :

$(i)$ $IUDs$ are called ideal contraceptive of females but they show serious side effects.

$(ii$) They show allergic effects.

$(iii)$ If they are not placed properly they damage tissues and blood is oozed.

$(iv)$ Hormonal contraceptives ($IUDs$) damages normal hormonal level. Later if pregnancy is wished / expected then it does not occur.

$(v)$ Artificially their hormones disrupts normal hormonal processes of the body.