Describe the classification of waves in detail with examples.

(N/A) All types of waves can be classified into the following three categories:
$(1)$ Mechanical Waves: "The waves which require an elastic medium for their propagation are called mechanical waves."
For example: String waves, spring waves, water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves are all mechanical waves. Here, waves propagate due to the elasticity of the medium.
$(2)$ Electromagnetic Waves or Non-mechanical Waves: "The waves which do not require any medium for their propagation are called non-mechanical waves. They are also called electromagnetic waves because, during their propagation, electric and magnetic fields oscillate periodically in mutually perpendicular directions in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave."
For example: Radio waves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, $X$-rays, and gamma rays. They can propagate in a vacuum. All electromagnetic waves have the same speed in a vacuum, $c = 2.99792458 \times 10^{8} \ m/s$.
$(3)$ Matter Waves: "When a fundamental particle of mass $m$ moves with a velocity $v$, its motion can be described by a wave of wavelength $\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}$, where $h$ is Planck's constant $(6.625 \times 10^{-34} \ Js)$." These are called "Matter Waves" or "De-Broglie waves". They represent the motion of atoms, molecules, and fundamental particles like electrons and protons. They are used in modern technology, such as the electron microscope.