Contribution of scientist :

$(a)$ Charles Darwin

$(b)$ Lamarck

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Gave Darwin theory which state that useful variations from the organism are selected by nature i.e. natural selection and gets accumulated in the organism. This causes evolution e.g. industrial melanism, chemical resistance

Lamarck in his book 'Philosophie zoologique' ($1809$) proposed that the evolution of life form had occurred by the use and disuse of organs.

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