Consider a glass cube slab of dielectric bound by the planes $x=0, x=a$; $y=0, y=b$; $z=0, z=c$; with $b > a > c$. The slab is placed in air and has a refractive index of $n$. The minimum value for $n$,such that all rays entering the dielectric at $y=0$ reach $y=b$ is

Light guidance in an optical fiber can be understood by considering a structure comprising of a thin solid glass cylinder of refractive index $n_1$ surrounded by a medium of lower refractive index $n_2$. The light guidance in the structure takes place due to successive total internal reflections at the interface of the media $n_1$ and $n_2$. All rays with the angle of incidence $i$ less than a particular value $i_m$ are confined in the medium of refractive index $n_1$. The numerical aperture $(NA)$ of the structure is defined as $\sin i_m$.
$1.$ For two structures namely $S_1$ with $n_1=\sqrt{45}/4$ and $n_2=3/2$,and $S_2$ with $n_1=8/5$ and $n_2=7/5$,and taking the refractive index of water to be $4/3$ and that of air to be $1$,the correct option$(s)$ is(are):
$(A)$ $NA$ of $S_1$ immersed in water is the same as that of $S_2$ immersed in a liquid of refractive index $\frac{16}{3\sqrt{15}}$
$(B)$ $NA$ of $S_1$ immersed in a liquid of refractive index $\frac{6}{\sqrt{15}}$ is the same as that of $S_2$ immersed in water
$(C)$ $NA$ of $S_1$ placed in air is the same as that of $S_2$ immersed in a liquid of refractive index $\frac{4}{\sqrt{15}}$
$(D)$ $NA$ of $S_1$ placed in air is the same as that of $S_2$ placed in water
$2.$ If two structures of the same cross-sectional area,but different numerical apertures $NA_1$ and $NA_2$ $(NA_2 < NA_1)$ are joined longitudinally,the numerical aperture of the combined structure is:
$(A)$ $\frac{NA_1 NA_2}{NA_1+NA_2}$ $(B)$ $NA_1+NA_2$ $(C)$ $NA_1$ $(D)$ $NA_2$

The wavelengths of given light waves in air and in a medium are $6000 \ Å$ and $4000 \ Å$ respectively. The critical angle is

Write the definition of critical angle.

In the figure,the optical fiber is $L = 2\,m$ long and has a diameter of $d = 20\,\mu m$. If a ray of light is incident on one end of the fiber at an angle $\theta_1 = 40^\circ$,the number of reflections it makes before emerging from the other end is close to:

If the critical angle for total internal reflection from a medium to vacuum is $30^{\circ}$,then the velocity of light in the medium is: