Compare the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals with respect to $(i)$ ionization enthalpy,$(ii)$ basicity of oxides,and $(iii)$ solubility of hydroxides.
(N/A)
| Alkali metals | Alkaline earth metals |
|---|---|
| $I$. Ionization enthalpy: These have the lowest ionization enthalpies in their respective periods due to their large atomic sizes. They lose their only valence electron easily to attain a stable noble gas configuration. | Alkaline earth metals have smaller atomic sizes and higher effective nuclear charge compared to alkali metals,leading to higher first ionization enthalpies. However,their second ionization enthalpy is lower than that of alkali metals because alkali metals achieve a stable noble gas configuration after losing one electron. |
| $II$. Basicity of oxides: The oxides of alkali metals are highly basic due to the high electropositive nature of the metals,which makes the oxides highly ionic and prone to dissociation in water. | The oxides of alkaline earth metals are basic,but less so than those of alkali metals because alkaline earth metals are less electropositive. |
| $III$. Solubility of hydroxides: The hydroxides of alkali metals are generally more soluble in water. | The hydroxides of alkaline earth metals are less soluble than those of alkali metals due to their higher lattice energies resulting from higher charge density. |
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