Chordates are distinguished from non-chordates by the presence of

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$.
Assertion $(A):$ All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
Reason $(R):$ The members of subphylum Vertebrata possess a notochord during the embryonic period; the notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in adults.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following pathways is part of the cloaca in vertebrates?

Which of the following is a group of invertebrate chordates?

In which of the following phyla are kidneys first present as excretory organs?

In chordates,the alimentary canal is located in which position relative to the nerve cord?