In which of the following phyla are kidneys f | vedclass

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(B) In the animal kingdom,the evolution of excretory systems shows a progression from simple structures to complex organs.In $Chordata$,the presence o

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Chordata

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(B) In the animal kingdom,the evolution of excretory systems shows a progression from simple structures to complex organs.In $Chordata$,the presence of kidneys as specialized excretory organs is a defining characteristic.While other phyla like $Mollusca$ and $Echinodermata$ have excretory structures (such as nephridia or water vascular systems),the true kidney as a complex organ for filtration and excretion is first observed in the phylum $Chordata$.

In which of the following phyla are kidneys first present as excretory organs?

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