Check whether $7 \sqrt{5}, \,\frac{7}{\sqrt{5}}, \,\sqrt{2}+21, \,\pi-2$ are irrational numbers or not.
$\sqrt{5}=2.236 \ldots, \sqrt{2}=1.4142 \ldots, \pi=3.1415 \ldots$
Then $7 \sqrt{5}=15.652 \ldots, \frac{7}{\sqrt{5}}=\frac{7 \sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{5} \sqrt{5}}=\frac{7 \sqrt{5}}{5}=3.1304 \ldots$
$\sqrt{2}+21=22.4142 \ldots, \pi-2=1.1415 \ldots$
All these are non-terminating non-recurring decimals. So, all these are irrational numbers.
Classroom activity (Constructing the 'square root spiral') : Take a large sheet of paper and construct the 'square root spiral' in the following fashion. Start with a point $O$ and draw a line segment $OP_1$ of unit length. Draw a line segment $P_1P_2$ perpendicular to $OP_1$ of unit length (see Fig.). Now draw a line segment $P_2P_3$ perpendicular to $OP_2$. Then draw a line segment $P_3P_4 $ perpendicular to $OP_3$. Continuing in this manner, you can get the line segment $P_{n-1}P_n$ by drawing a line segment of unit length perpendicular to $OP_{n-1}$. In this manner, you will have created the points $P_2$, $P_3$,...., $P_n$,... ., and joined them to create a beautiful spiral depicting $\sqrt 2,\, \sqrt 3, \,\sqrt 4$, ..............
Look at several examples of rational numbers in the form $\frac{p}{q}(q \neq 0),$ where $p$ and $q$ are integers with no common factors other than $1$ and having terminating decimal representations (expansions). Can you guess what property $q$ must satisfy ?
Show that $3.142678$ is a rational number. In other words, express $3.142678$ in the form $\frac {p }{q }$, where $p$ and $q$ are integers and $q \ne 0$.
Is zero a rational number ? Can you write it in the form $\frac{p}{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are integers and $q \ne 0$ ?
Show how $\sqrt 5$ can be represented on the number line.