નિશ્ચિત સંકલનના ગુણધર્મોનો ઉપયોગ કરીને,$\int_{0}^{\pi} \log (1+\cos x) d x$ નું મૂલ્ય શોધો.

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(D) ધારો કે $I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \log (1+\cos x) d x$ ..... $(1)$
ગુણધર્મ $\int_{0}^{a} f(x) d x = \int_{0}^{a} f(a-x) d x$ નો ઉપયોગ કરતા:
$I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \log (1+\cos(\pi-x)) d x = \int_{0}^{\pi} \log (1-\cos x) d x$ ..... $(2)$
$(1)$ અને $(2)$ નો સરવાળો કરતા:
$2I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \{\log(1+\cos x) + \log(1-\cos x)\} d x$
$2I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \log(1-\cos^2 x) d x = \int_{0}^{\pi} \log(\sin^2 x) d x$
$2I = 2 \int_{0}^{\pi} \log(\sin x) d x \Rightarrow I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \log(\sin x) d x$
ગુણધર્મ $\int_{0}^{2a} f(x) d x = 2 \int_{0}^{a} f(x) d x$ નો ઉપયોગ કરતા:
$I = 2 \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \log(\sin x) d x$ ..... $(3)$
તે જ રીતે,$I = 2 \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \log(\cos x) d x$ ..... $(4)$
$(3)$ અને $(4)$ નો સરવાળો કરતા:
$2I = 2 \int_{0}^{\pi/2} (\log(\sin x) + \log(\cos x)) d x$
$I = \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \log(\sin x \cos x) d x = \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \log\left(\frac{\sin 2x}{2}\right) d x$
$I = \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \log(\sin 2x) d x - \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \log 2 d x$
ધારો કે $2x = t$,તો $2 dx = dt$. જ્યારે $x=0, t=0$; જ્યારે $x=\pi/2, t=\pi$:
$I = \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{\pi} \log(\sin t) d t - \frac{\pi}{2} \log 2$
$I = \frac{1}{2} (2 \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \log(\sin t) d t) - \frac{\pi}{2} \log 2 = I - \frac{\pi}{2} \log 2$ (અહીં $I = I/2 - \frac{\pi}{2} \log 2$ મળે છે).
તેથી,$I/2 = -\frac{\pi}{2} \log 2 \Rightarrow I = -\pi \log 2$.

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