The binding energy per nucleon versus mass number curve for nuclei is shown in the figure. $W, X, Y$ and $Z$ are four nuclei indicated on the curve. The process that would release energy is

The mass defect per nucleon is called

If $M_{O}$ is the mass of an oxygen isotope ${ }_{8}^{17}O$ and $M_{p}$ and $M_{N}$ are the mass of a proton and mass of a neutron respectively,then the nuclear binding energy of the isotope is

The energy equivalent to $1\,mg$ of matter in $MeV$ is

The atomic mass of ${ }_7 N ^{15}$ is $15.000108 \text{ a.m.u.}$ and that of ${ }_8 O ^{16}$ is $15.994915 \text{ a.m.u.}$ If the mass of a proton is $1.007825 \text{ a.m.u.}$,then the minimum energy required to remove the least tightly bound proton is ......... $MeV$.

Deuteron is a bound state of a neutron and a proton with a binding energy $B = 2.2 \, MeV$. $A$ $\gamma$-ray of energy $E$ is aimed at a deuteron nucleus to try to break it into a (neutron + proton) such that the $n$ and $p$ move in the direction of the incident $\gamma$-ray. If $E = B$,show that this cannot happen. Hence,calculate how much bigger than $B$ must $E$ be for such a process to happen.