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(C) The rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution $(EAS)$ depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Substituents that increase electron d

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$c, a, b, d$

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(C) The rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution $(EAS)$ depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Substituents that increase electron density via $+R$ or $+H$ effects activate the ring,while those that decrease it via $-R$ or $-I$ effects deactivate the ring.$(a)$ The $-CH_2-$ group shows a $+H$ effect (hyperconjugation),which slightly activates the ring.$(b)$ The $-OH$ group shows a strong $+R$ effect,and the $-CH_2-$ group shows a $+H$ effect. This is more activated than $(a)$.$(c)$ The carbonyl group $(-C=O)$ shows a $-R$ effect,which strongly deactivates the ring.$(d)$ Both the $-OH$ group and the oxygen atom in the ring $(-O-)$ show $+R$ effects,making this the most activated ring.Comparing the effects: $(c)$ is the least reactive (deactivated),$(a)$ is next,$(b)$ is more reactive than $(a)$,and $(d)$ is the most reactive.Therefore,the increasing order of reactivity is $c < a < b < d$.

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of the rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction:

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