Are all $ortho$ and $para$ directing groups activators? Give examples.
(N/A) No,all $ortho$ and $para$ directing groups are not activators. While most $ortho$ and $para$ directing groups (like $-OH, -NH_2, -CH_3$) are activating groups,halogen atoms $(X = F, Cl, Br, I)$ are $ortho$ and $para$ directing but act as deactivating groups due to their strong $-I$ effect.
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