Akhtar, Kiran, and Rahul were riding in a motorcar that was moving with a high velocity on an expressway when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum compared to the motorcar. Akhtar said that since the motorcar was moving with a larger velocity, it exerted a larger force on the insect. Rahul said that both the motorcar and the insect experienced the same force and the same change in momentum. Comment on these suggestions.

(C) According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum of the system remains conserved during the collision.
$1$. Kiran's suggestion: The insect experiences a much larger change in velocity compared to the car. Since $p = mv$, the change in momentum $(\Delta p = m \Delta v)$ for the insect is significant relative to its mass. Because the car's mass is massive, its change in velocity is negligible, meaning the insect experiences a greater change in momentum relative to its own state, but the magnitude of momentum change for both is equal.
$2$. Akhtar's suggestion: Akhtar is partially correct that the car exerts a large force, but the force exerted by the car on the insect is equal to the force exerted by the insect on the car (Newton's $3^{rd}$ Law).
$3$. Rahul's suggestion: Rahul is correct. According to Newton's $3^{rd}$ Law, the force exerted by the car on the insect is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the insect on the car. Since the time of impact is the same for both, the change in momentum $(F \times t = \Delta p)$ is equal in magnitude for both the car and the insect.