According to $NCERT$ text, which Indian plants have either been patented or attempts have been made to patent them by Western nations for their commercial use?
$I$. Basmati rice $II$. Neem
$III$. Turmeric $IV$. Tulsi

$A$ : Indian Government has set up organizations such as $GEAC$ (Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee),which make decisions regarding the validity of $GM$ research and the safety of introducing $GM$ organisms for public services.
$R$ : Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredictable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem.

$A$ monopoly granted to a person who has either invented a new and useful article,made improvement in an existing article,or invented a new process of making an article is called:

Why has the Indian Parliament cleared the second amendment of the country's patents bill?

What could be the possible harm of using an antibiotic-resistant gene as a selectable marker in a plasmid,used for gene transfer in the production of $GM$ food?
$(A)$ $GM$ food contains the enzyme produced by the antibiotic resistance gene that was used during gene transfer in genetic engineering. This could cause allergies since it is a foreign protein.
$(B)$ The bacteria present in the alimentary canal of humans could take up the antibiotic resistance gene present in $GM$ food.
$(C)$ The bacteria in the human alimentary canal would then become resistant to the concerned antibiotic.
$(D)$ The transgene may be transferred through pollen to their wild relatives and make weeds more persistent and damaging.

Rules of conduct that may be used to regulate our activities in relation to the biological world is called