Absence or excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more chromosomes results in

Turner's syndrome in humans is caused by

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$ and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

List-$I$ (Syndrome)	List-$II$ (Chromosomal abnormality)
$(1)$ Patau's syndrome	$(A)$ $44 + XXY = 47$
$(2)$ Klinefelter's syndrome	$(B)$ $44 + X = 45$
$(3)$ Down's syndrome	$(C)$ $46 + 1 = 47$,Chromosome $13^{th}$
$(4)$ Turner's syndrome	$(D)$ $46 + 1 = 47$,Chromosome $21^{st}$

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$ (Disorder)	Column-$II$ (Ploidy)
$P$. Down's syndrome	$I$. Sex chromosomal trisomy
$Q$. Klinefelter's syndrome	$II$. Sex chromosomal monosomy
$R$. Turner's syndrome	$III$. Autosomal trisomy

Monosomy and trisomy can be represented as

An abnormal male child is born to normal parents. This child shows a short neck,stubby hands,slanting eyes,a permanently open mouth with a projecting upper lip,and short stature. This abnormality can be attributed to: