$A$ thin equiconvex lens is made of glass of refractive index $1.5$ and its focal length is $0.2 \ m$. If it acts as a concave lens of $0.5 \ m$ focal length when dipped in a liquid,the refractive index of the liquid is:

$A$ convex lens has its radii of curvature equal. The focal length of the lens is $f$. If it is divided vertically into two identical plano-convex lenses by cutting it,then the focal length of the plano-convex lens is ($\mu =$ the refractive index of the material of the lens).

Consider a thin lens placed between a source $(S)$ and an observer $(O)$ (See figure). Let the thickness of the lens vary as $w(b) = w_0 - \alpha b^2$, where $b$ is the vertical distance from the pole. $w_0$ and $\alpha$ are constants. Using Fermat's principle, i.e., the time of transit for a ray between the source and observer is an extremum, find the condition that all paraxial rays starting from the source will converge at a point $O$ on the axis. Find the focal length.
$(ii)$ $A$ gravitational lens may be assumed to have a varying width of the form $W = K_1 \log \left( \frac{K_2}{b} \right)$ (where $b_{\min} < b < b_{\max}$). Show that an observer will see an image of a point object as a ring about the center of the lens with an angular radius $\beta = \sqrt{\frac{(n - 1)K_1 u}{v(u + v)}}$.

If the aperture of a lens is halved,then the image will be:

The word $KVPY$ is written on a board and viewed through different lenses such that the board is at a distance beyond the focal length of the lens.
Ignoring magnification effects,consider the following statements.
$(I)$ First image has been viewed from the planar side of a plano-concave lens and second image from the planar side of a plano-convex lens.
$(II)$ First image has been viewed from the concave side of a plano-concave lens and second image from the convex side of a plano-convex lens.
$(III)$ First image has been viewed from the concave side of a plano-concave lens and second image from the planar side of a plano-convex lens.
$(IV)$ First image has been viewed from the planar side of a plano-concave lens and second image from the convex side of a plano-convex lens.
Which of the above statements are correct?

$A$ biconvex lens of focal length $f$ and radii of curvature of both surfaces $R$ is made of a material of refractive index $n_{1}$. This lens is placed in a liquid of refractive index $n_{2}$. How will this lens behave?