$A$ count rate meter shows a count of $240$ per minute from a given radioactive source. One hour later,the meter shows a count rate of $30$ per minute. The half-life of the source is .......... $min$.

$A$ sample initially contains only $U-238$ isotope of uranium. With time,some of the $U-238$ radioactively decays into $Pb-206$ while the rest of it remains undisintegrated. When the age of the sample is $P \times 10^8$ years,the ratio of the mass of $Pb-206$ to that of $U-238$ in the sample is found to be $7$. The value of $P$ is. . . . . . [Given: Half-life of $U-238$ is $4.5 \times 10^9$ years; $\log_e 2 = 0.693$]

If the measurement errors in all the independent quantities are known,then it is possible to determine the error in any dependent quantity. This is done by the use of series expansion and truncating the expansion at the first power of the error. For example,consider the relation $z = x / y$. If the errors in $x, y$ and $z$ are $\Delta x, \Delta y$ and $\Delta z$,respectively,then $z \pm \Delta z = \frac{x \pm \Delta x}{y \pm \Delta y} = \frac{x}{y}(1 \pm \frac{\Delta x}{x})(1 \pm \frac{\Delta y}{y})^{-1}$. The series expansion for $(1 \pm \frac{\Delta y}{y})^{-1}$,to first power in $\Delta y / y$,is $1 \mp(\Delta y / y)$. The relative errors in independent variables are always added. So the error in $z$ will be $\Delta z = z(\frac{\Delta x}{x} + \frac{\Delta y}{y})$. The above derivation makes the assumption that $\Delta x / x \ll 1, \Delta y / y \ll 1$. Therefore,the higher powers of these quantities are neglected.
$(1)$ Consider the ratio $r = \frac{(1-a)}{(1+a)}$ to be determined by measuring a dimensionless quantity $a$. If the error in the measurement of $a$ is $\Delta a$ $(\Delta a / a \ll 1)$,then what is the error $\Delta r$?
$(2)$ In an experiment,the initial number of radioactive nuclei is $3000$. It is found that $1000 \pm 40$ nuclei decayed in the first $1.0 \ s$. For $|x| \ll 1$,$\ln(1+x) \approx x$ up to the first power in $x$. The error $\Delta \lambda$,in the determination of the decay constant $\lambda$,in $s^{-1}$,is:

If ${N_0}$ is the original mass of the substance of half-life period ${T_{1/2}} = 5 \text{ years}$,then the amount of substance left after $15 \text{ years}$ is

$A$ radioactive material of half-life $T$ was kept in a nuclear reactor at two different instants. The quantity kept the second time was twice that kept the first time. If their present activities are $A_1$ (first) and $A_2$ (second) respectively,then their age difference is equal to:

The decay constants of two radioactive elements are $15x$ and $3x$ respectively. Initially,they have the same number of nuclei. After a time of $\frac{1}{6x}$,the ratio of the number of their nuclei will be ........