$A$ body is moving in a low circular orbit about a planet of mass $M$ and radius $R$. The radius of the orbit can be taken to be $R$ itself. Then the ratio of the speed of this body in the orbit to the escape velocity from the planet is

Assertion $A$: An astronaut inside a massive spaceship orbiting around the Earth will experience a finite but small gravitational force.
Reason $R$: The centripetal force necessary to keep the spaceship in orbit around the Earth is provided by the gravitational force between the Earth and the spaceship.

The planet Mars has two moons. If one of them has a period of $7\, \text{hours}, 30\, \text{minutes}$ and an orbital radius of $9.0 \times 10^{3}\, \text{km}$, find the mass of Mars. $\left\{\text{Given}: \frac{4 \pi^{2}}{G} = 6 \times 10^{11}\, \text{N}^{-1} \text{m}^{-2} \text{kg}^{2}\right\}$

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: $A$ satellite is moving around the Earth in an orbit very close to the Earth's surface. The time period of revolution of the satellite depends upon the density of the Earth.
Statement $II$: The time period of revolution of the satellite is $T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{R_e}{g}}$ (for a satellite very close to the Earth's surface),where $R_e$ is the radius of the Earth and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

In the case of an orbiting satellite,if the radius of the orbit is decreased,then:

The speed of a satellite in a circular orbit of radius $R_0$ around the earth is $v_0$. Another satellite is in an elliptic orbit around the earth. If the minimum and maximum speeds of the second satellite are $\alpha v_0$ and $\beta v_0$ respectively,then its time period is