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(D) The maximum frequency of $X$-rays produced in an $X$-ray tube is determined by the Duane-Hunt law,which states that the maximum frequency $
u_{\m

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$(Z - 1)^2$

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(D) The maximum frequency of $X$-rays produced in an $X$-ray tube is determined by the Duane-Hunt law,which states that the maximum frequency $
u_{\max}$ is given by $
u_{\max} = \frac{eV}{h}$.However,the question refers to the characteristic $X$-rays. According to Moseley's law,the frequency $
u$ of characteristic $X$-rays is given by $
u = a(Z - b)^2$.For the $K_{\alpha}$ line,the screening constant $b = 1$. Thus,the frequency is proportional to $(Z - 1)^2$.Given the options provided,the question specifically targets the relationship defined by Moseley's law for characteristic radiation.

$X$-rays are produced by accelerating electrons through a potential difference $V$ and letting them strike a metal target of atomic number $Z$. The highest frequency of the $X$-rays produced is proportional to:

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