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(B) $X-$rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiations produced when high-speed electrons strike a metal target.These electrons interact with the inn

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Changing in atomic energy level

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(B) $X-$rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiations produced when high-speed electrons strike a metal target.These electrons interact with the inner-shell electrons of the target atoms.When an inner-shell electron (e.g.,from the $K$ or $L$ shell) is knocked out,an electron from a higher energy level drops down to fill the vacancy.The energy difference between these atomic energy levels is released in the form of a high-energy photon,which is an $X-$ray photon.Therefore,$X-$rays are produced due to transitions between atomic energy levels.Mathematically,the energy of the emitted $X-$ray is given by $\Delta E = E_{initial} - E_{final}$,and its wavelength is $\lambda = \frac{hc}{\Delta E}$.

$X-$rays are produced due to

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