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(B) In the $3d$ transition series,as we move from $Cr$ to $Cu$,the atomic number increases,which increases the nuclear charge. However,the electrons a

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The shielding effect of $3d$ electrons increases,which balances the increase in nuclear charge.

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(B) In the $3d$ transition series,as we move from $Cr$ to $Cu$,the atomic number increases,which increases the nuclear charge. However,the electrons are added to the inner $3d$ orbitals. These $3d$ electrons provide a shielding effect that screens the outer $4s$ electrons from the increasing nuclear charge. This shielding effect almost perfectly balances the increase in nuclear charge,resulting in nearly constant atomic radii across this series.

Metal ion	Colour
$A. V^{4+}$	$I. Colourless$
$B. Ti^{3+}$	$II. Purple$
$C. Ti^{4+}$	$III. Green$
$D. Ni^{2+}$	$IV. Blue$
	$V. Yellow$

In the $3d$ series of transition elements,the atomic radii from $Cr$ to $Cu$ are approximately the same because:

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Match the following metal ions with their respective colours:
Metal ion Colour
$A. V^{4+}$ $I. Colourless$
$B. Ti^{3+}$ $II. Purple$
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$D. Ni^{2+}$ $IV. Blue$
$V. Yellow$

Transition elements act as catalysts because....

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