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(D) The hardness of $X$-rays refers to their penetrating power,which is directly related to their energy. The energy of $X$-rays produced in an $X$-ra

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Potential difference $(p.d.)$ between the cathode and the target

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(D) The hardness of $X$-rays refers to their penetrating power,which is directly related to their energy. The energy of $X$-rays produced in an $X$-ray tube is determined by the kinetic energy of the electrons striking the target. This kinetic energy is controlled by the potential difference $(p.d.)$ applied between the cathode and the target. Therefore,a higher potential difference results in harder $X$-rays.

What does the hardness of $X$-rays obtained from an $X$-ray tube indicate?

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