The angle between a polarizer and an analyzer is $60^o$. If light with an amplitude $A$ is incident on the polarizer,what is the amplitude of the light emerging from the analyzer?

$A$ plane polarised light passes through successive polarisers which are rotated by $30^{\circ}$ with respect to each other in the clockwise direction. Neglecting absorption by the polarisers and given that the first polariser's axis is parallel to the plane of polarisation of the incident light,the intensity of light at the exit of the fifth polariser is closest to

Which of the following is a biaxial crystal?

Statement-$I$: On viewing the clear blue portion of the sky through a calcite crystal,the intensity of transmitted light varies as the crystal is rotated.
Statement-$II$: The light coming from the sky is polarized due to the scattering of sunlight by particles in the atmosphere. The scattering is largest for blue light.

$A$ plane polarized light is incident on a polarizer with its pass axis making an angle $\theta$ with the $x-$axis,as shown in the figure. At four different values of $\theta$,namely $\theta = 8^o, 38^o, 188^o$ and $218^o$,the observed intensities are the same. What is the angle between the direction of polarization and the $x-$axis in degrees?

Explain Malus's law and state its mathematical expression.