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(A) The structure of a solid,specifically the arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice,is determined using $X$-ray diffraction. Because the wavelengt

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$X$-rays

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(A) The structure of a solid,specifically the arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice,is determined using $X$-ray diffraction. Because the wavelength of $X$-rays is of the order of the interatomic spacing in solids (approximately $1 \ \mathring{A}$ or $10^{-10} \ 	ext{m}$),they undergo diffraction when interacting with the crystal lattice. This phenomenon allows scientists to map the atomic positions within the solid,a technique known as $X$-ray crystallography.

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