The voltage applied across an $X$-ray tube is nearly......$V$.

Calculate the wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ line for $Z=31$, given $a=5 \times 10^7 \text{ Hz}^{1/2}$ for a characteristic $X$-ray spectrum.

If $V$ is the accelerating voltage,then the maximum frequency of continuous $X$-rays is given by

Two elements $A$ and $B$ with atomic numbers $Z_{A}$ and $Z_{B}$ are used to produce characteristic $X$-rays with frequencies $v_{A}$ and $v_{B}$ respectively. If $Z_{A}: Z_{B} = 1: 2$,then $v_{A}: v_{B}$ will be

Penetrating power of $X-$rays does not depend on

The penetrating power of $X-$rays increases with the