In a cylinder,$1.0 \, \text{kcal}$ of heat is added to $1.2 \, \text{L}$ of $O_2$ gas at a constant pressure of $1 \, \text{atm}$. The volume changes to $1.5 \, \text{L}$. Calculate the change in internal energy $(\Delta U)$ for this process. (in $, \text{kcal}$)

$A$ cup of water at $5^{\circ}C$ (system) is placed in a microwave oven and the oven is turned on for one minute,during which the water begins to boil. Which of the following options is true?

Five moles of an ideal gas at $293 \, K$ is expanded isothermally from an initial pressure of $2.1 \, MPa$ to $1.3 \, MPa$ against a constant external pressure of $4.3 \, MPa$. The heat transferred in this process is $...... \, kJ \, mol^{-1}$. (Rounded-off to the nearest integer) $\left[\right.$ Use $R = 8.314 \, J \, mol^{-1} \, K^{-1}\left.\right]$

Calculate $\Delta U$ if $2 \ kJ$ heat is released and $10 \ kJ$ of work is done on the system. (in $kJ$)

One mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversibly from $10 \ dm^3$ to $20 \ dm^3$ at $300 \ K$. $\Delta U$,$q$ and work done in the process respectively are $:$ Given $: R=8.3 \ J \ K^{-1} \ mol^{-1}$,$\ln 10=2.3$,$\log 2=0.30$,$\log 3=0.48$

In the complete combustion of butanol $C_4H_9OH_{(l)}$,if $\Delta H$ is the enthalpy of combustion and $\Delta E$ is the heat of combustion at constant volume,then