Mendel observed that some traits do not assort independently. Later research showed that this is due to .....

The number of linkage groups in $E. coli$ is:

Describe linkage and recombination in detail.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$.
Assertion $(A)$:
Mendel's law of independent assortment does not hold good for the genes that are located closely on the same chromosome.
Reason $(R)$:
Closely located genes assort independently.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

In maize, colored endosperm $(C)$ is dominant over colorless $(c)$ and full endosperm $(R)$ is dominant over shrunken $(r)$. When a test cross is performed on the $F_1$ generation, the following results are obtained:
Colored and Full = $45\%$
Colored and Shrunken = $5\%$
Colorless and Full = $4\%$
Colorless and Shrunken = $46\%$
Based on this data, what is the distance between the two non-allelic genes (in $units$)?

Two dominant non-allelic genes are $50$ map units apart. The linkage present is: