$A$ body of mass $M$ is dropped from a height $h$ on a sand floor. If the body penetrates $x$ cm into the sand,then the average resistance offered by the sand to the body is

Name the instrument used to measure the coefficient of restitution of a material and explain why frictional force is a non-conservative force.

$A$ $2 \ kg$ block slides on a horizontal surface at a speed of $4 \ m/s$ and strikes an uncompressed spring. The kinetic friction force is $15 \ N$ and the spring constant is $10,000 \ N/m$. By how many $cm$ will the spring be compressed?

$A$ block of mass $m$ slides from rest at a height $H$ on a frictionless inclined plane as shown in the figure. It travels a distance $d$ across a rough horizontal surface with coefficient of kinetic friction $\mu$ and compresses a spring of spring constant $k$ by a distance $x$ before coming to rest momentarily. Then the spring extends and the block travels back attaining a final height of $h$. Then,

$A$ body of mass $m$ is dropped from a height of $h$. Simultaneously,another body of mass $2m$ is thrown vertically upward with such a velocity $v$ that they collide at a height $h/2$. If the collision is perfectly inelastic,the velocity at the time of collision with the ground will be:

$A$ pendulum of length $2\,m$ is released from point $P$ as shown in the figure. When it reaches point $Q$,it loses $10\%$ of its total energy due to air resistance. The velocity at $Q$ is .... $m/s$.