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(D) $\beta$-emission occurs from a radioactive nucleus. In $\beta^{-}$-decay,a neutron inside the nucleus transforms into a proton,an electron,and an

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radioactive nucleus

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(D) $\beta$-emission occurs from a radioactive nucleus. In $\beta^{-}$-decay,a neutron inside the nucleus transforms into a proton,an electron,and an anti-neutrino:${ }_{Z}^{A} X \longrightarrow{ }_{Z+1}^{A} Y+{ }_{-1} e^{0}+\overline{v}$For example: ${ }_{15}^{32} P \longrightarrow{ }_{16}^{32} S+{ }_{-1} e^{0}+\overline{v}$In $\beta^{+}$-decay,a proton inside the nucleus transforms into a neutron,a positron,and a neutrino:${ }_{Z}^{A} X \longrightarrow{ }_{Z-1}^{A} Y+{ }_{+1} e^{0}+v$For example: ${ }_{11}^{22} Na \longrightarrow{ }_{10}^{22} Ne+{ }_{+1} e^{0}+v$Thus,the emission originates from the nucleus,not the electron orbits.

$\beta$-decay means emission of electron from

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