The components of an ecosystem include .......... .

Find out the correct order of succession levels in xerarch.

Biological equilibrium is found among the

Water plants provide ....... to water animals.

Consider the following four statements $(A-D)$ and select the correct option stating which ones are true $(T)$ and which ones are false $(F)$.
Statements:
$(A)$ Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in a community is called stratification.
$(B)$ Net primary productivity minus respiration losses is the gross primary productivity.
$(C)$ Rate of biomass production is called decomposition.
$(D)$ Annual net primary productivity of oceans is $55$ billion tons.

Which of the following statements regarding food chains are considered correct?
$(1)$ Removal of $80\%$ of tigers from an area results in greatly increased growth of vegetation.
$(2)$ Removal of most carnivores results in an increased population of deer.
$(3)$ The length of food chains is generally limited to $3-4$ trophic levels due to energy loss.
$(4)$ The length of food chains can vary from $2$ to $8$ trophic levels.