Identify '$Q$' and '$R$' in the given figure of a stirred-tank bioreactor.

Identify $X$ and $Y$ from the given figure of the cloning vector $pBR322$.

Match the organism with its use in biotechnology:

$(a)$ Bacillus thuringiensis	$(i)$ Cloning vector
$(b)$ Thermus aquaticus	$(ii)$ Construction of first rDNA molecule
$(c)$ Agrobacterium tumefaciens	$(iii)$ $DNA$ polymerase
$(d)$ Salmonella typhimurium	$(iv)$ Cry proteins

$(a)\quad (b)\quad (c)\quad (d)$

Assertion $:-$ The tumor inducing $(Ti)$ plasmid of $Agrobacterium$ $tumefaciens$ has now been modified into a cloning vector.
Reason $:-$ Retroviruses have been disarmed and are now used to deliver genes into animal cells.

Which of the following statements is not true?
$I.$ $DNA$, being a hydrophilic molecule, cannot pass through cell membranes.
$II.$ $Agrobacterium$ $tumefaciens$ delivers a piece of $DNA$ known as $'T-DNA'$ in the $Ti$ plasmid, which transforms normal plant cells into tumour cells to produce chemicals against pathogens.
$III.$ Retrovirus, adenovirus, and papillomavirus are also now used as cloning vectors in animals because of their ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells.
$IV.$ In genetic engineering, $DNA$ from different sources are cut with the same restriction enzymes so that both $DNA$ fragments have the same kind of sticky ends.
Choose the correct option.

Match the following columns:

Column $I$	Column $II$
$A$. Recombinant $DNA$	$1$. Sea weeds
$B$. Gel electrophoresis	$2$. $DNA$ staining
$C$. Ethidium bromide	$3$. Plasmid $DNA$ that has incorporated human $DNA$
$D$. Agarose	$4$. Process by which $DNA$ fragments are separated based on their size